CLAS 515: SEX AND GENDER IN THE ANCIENT MEDITERRANEAN: RICHLIN

S05: Friday, 2-5 PM, THH 111

Question: How can we write a history of sexuality in the ancient world? We need raw material; theory; state of the question (SOQ). As it turns out, this is a huge question, and an honest answer needs to cover a huge time frame -- arbitrarily, from Homer to the fall of Rome in the West -- and a huge geographical area, say from Babylon to Britain, Germany to Africa.

Because the raw material always drives the bus, we're going to approach the question this time via different kinds of material. Common pitfalls of inquiry include ignorance about the kinds of evidence available and lack of thought about what can be done with them, along with a lack of attention to differences among the range of attested ancient cultures and over a full range of time. We'll try to beware, but will only be able to make a start.

Required texts:

Theory/history:

Mikhail Bakhtin, Rabelais and His World

Kenneth Dover, Greek Homosexuality

Michel Foucault, History of Sexuality, vols. 1, 2, 3

Sigmund Freud, Jokes and Their Relation to the Unconscious

Tania Modleski, Loving with a Vengeance

Michael Satlow, Tasting the Dish

Primary sources:

Page, Sappho and Alcaeus

Plato Symposium (Cambridge green/yellow)

Reardon, Collected Ancient Greek Novels

Xerox reader

Note: Some primary readings assigned in English will be found in the Humanities Reading Room, abbreviated HRR below.

Goals of the course: The ancient world occupied a lot of space both geographically and chronologically. The main goal of this course will be to accustom students to getting out of the center and off the main road, in an effort to get a sense of the vastness and general shape of the history of sexuality in the *whole* ancient world.

Secondary goals:

- reading together a short list of major texts for the study of ancient sexuality;

- reading and discussing a range of representative theoretical works;

- exploring;

- learning to do a competent literature review;

- gaining familiarity with ancient cultures other than Greece and pre-Christian Rome;

- learning about reception as a field of research;

- several writing projects

3 C's: Comparison (many knowable cultures in the ancient Mediterranean -- don't be naive -- don't wear blinkers); Curiosity (develop your skills in rummaging -- forget about the canon); Chronological reach (the later you get, the more texts and stuff remain. Learn to find it.)

Requirements:

- attendance at all seminars (discussion will be graded);

- translation quizzes (students choose 5 of 9);

- one short paper (focusing on set text & theory for one

week, including non-Greco/Roman comparative material);

- one literature review (= annotated bibliography, duplicated

for classmates);

- rummaging exercise;

- term paper (picks one area covered in the course)

Class structure:

- one hour close reading in Greek/Latin

- one hour forty mins. comparative work, overview, disc.

- translation quizzes are held in relevant weeks before class,

20 mins.

- every week one person does a literature review (I supply

the list)

- every week there's one secondary work (or two) we all read

Schedule of class meetings and assignments:

Readings will be found on reserve in Leavey Library.

Weeks with translation quizzes are marked by an asterisk *.

January 14 Introduction: What is sexuality?

January 21 Theory (about 255 pp.)

All read, in this order, please:

(a) Rich, "Compulsory Heterosexuality" (in Abelove/Barale/ Halperin, 227-54); MacKinnon, "Does Sexuality Have a History?" (in Stanton, pp. 117-36); Mulvey, "Visual Pleasure" (in Mulvey)

(b) Foucault History of Sexuality vol. 1, pp. 17-73, 92-131, **pp. 43, 101, 105; Richlin Garden, pp. 1-31

(c) Bynum, "Why All This Fuss about the Body?"; Laqueur Making Sex, ch. 1 (pp. 1-24); Richlin, "Towards a History of Body History" (in Golden and Toohey, pp. 16-35)

(d) Richlin, "Ethnographer's Dilemma" (in Rabinowitz and Richlin, pp. 272-303)

Hand in rummaging exercise.

MAKING RULES

January 28: Law and religion*

Primary sources:

Willetts, Law Code of Gortyn, Col. II lines 1-45, Col. IV lines 18-23

Aeschines Against Timarchus 9-22, 28-29, 183-84

Lysias 1.30, 32

Demosthenes 23.53

ps.-Demosthenes 59.66, 86-87

Athenaion Politeia 57.3

Digest 3.1.1.6, 47.10.15, 48.5.6.1, 48.5.6, 48.6.3.4,

48.6.5.2, 49.19.38.3, 48.8.1, 3, 48.8.6, 48.8.8, 48.19.38.5

Paulus Sententiae 2.26.12-13

Exodus 22:15-16; Deuteronomy 22:28-29, with discussion

in Satlow, 132-35

Numbers 5:15-25, with Mishnah Sotah; with discussion in

Satlow, 169-83

Leviticus 18:22, 20:13; Sifra Ahare 9:8 (85c-d), with

discussion in Satlow, 185-200

Paul, Romans 1:18-32

Theory:

MacKinnon, Toward a Feminist Theory of the State, pp. 157-83

Literature review (2 reports):

Boswell; Boyarin pp. 107-33; Brooten pp. 189-357; Brown; D. Cohen; Cole in Helios 1992; Edwards Politics; Fantham; Gaca; Gordon and Washington in Brenner; Himmelfarb; McGinn Prostitution; Moore; Peskowitz; Redfield in Halperin/Winkler/Zeitlin; Rousselle; Wegner; S. Cohen in Pomeroy; S. Cohen in Wyke Gender and the Body; Wilfong in Montserrat (ed.)

February 4 Medicine*

Primary sources:

Aristotle, De Generatione Animalium 765b8-20

Hippocrates, Nature of the Child 13; Generating Seed

4-7

Aretaeus 2.11-12

Pliny, HN 28.58, 70-87

Soranus, vet. Lat. 1-99

Galen, On Prognosis 8 (641-647, 648)

Caelius Aurelianus On Chronic Disorders 4.9 (131-37)

In English:

Montserrat, Sexuality in Graeco-Roman Egypt, pp. 61-68

Sources in Lefkowitz and Fant, pp. 225-72; and Hanson

handout

Theory:

Emily Martin, The Woman in the Body, pp. 27-67; review Laqueur

Literature review:

Brooten, pp. 143-73; Dean-Jones; duBois Sowing; Levine, Richlin in Eilberg-Schwartz and Doniger; Richlin in Hallett and Skinner; Halperin, One Hundred, pp. 18-24; Hanson, Sissa in Halperin/Winkler/Zeitlin; King; Perkins; Shaw; von Staden, Dean-Jones, Faraone, Pinault, MacAlister in Helios 1992; Winkler, Constraints, pp. 17-44, 71-98

February 11 Philosophy*

Primary sources:

Plato, Symposium 178a-193e, 244e-215b, 219b-c (and read

the whole thing in English)

.. in English:

Satlow, pp. 203-22

Philo, Spec. 1.325-26, 3.37-42; Vit. 59-62 (HRR)

ps.-Lucian Erotes (HRR)

Achilles Tatius, Clitophon and Leucippe 2.35-38 (pp. 205

208 in Reardon)

Plutarch Amatorius (HRR)

Plutarch Coniugalia Praecepta (HRR)

Sayings of the Desert Mothers (in Kraemer Women)

Theory:

Nancy Hartsock, "The Feminist Standpoint" (in Harding, pp. 157-80)

Literature review:

Carnes in Larmour/Miller/Platter; Dover pp. 153-70; duBois, Sowing, 169-88; Gaca; Halperin in Stanton (pp. 236-61); Halperin in Halperin/Winkler/Zeitlin; Henry, Prisoner of History, pp. 29-56; Krueger in Branham and Goulet-Caze (pp. 222-39); Nussbaum on Musonius Rufus in Nussbaum and Sihvola (pp. 283-326); Snyder, pp. 99-122

FANTASIES

February 18 Reception: field trip to ONE Archive

History:

Brake, pp. 100-179; Richlin, "Eros Underground"

Symonds, "A Problem in Greek Ethics" (online)

Literature review:

Beard Invention; Blok in Blok and Mason; Burton, "The Sotadic Zone"; Carabelli; Crompton; Dowling; Prettejohn, Turner in Edwards Roman Presences; Stevenson in Montserrat Changing; [Winkler] in Halperin/Winkler/ Zeitlin (pp. 7-13); Wyke in Porter; Wyke Projecting

Due by this week: short paper on normativity.

February 25 Rhetoric*

Primary sources:

Aeschines Against Timarchus 1-3, 6-8, review "Laws"

sections, 23-33, 39-42, 52, 55, 70, 74-76, 110-111, 131, 137-40, 189

Cicero Pro Caelio 6-9, 31-36

elder Seneca, Controversiae 1.2.22-23, 2.7, 5.6, 6.6, 6.8

Valerius Maximus 6.1

Dio Chrysostom Euboean Discourse 7.133-52

Tertullian On the Dress of Women 1.1.1-2

Salvian De gub. Dei 20-21 (= PL 53 167-68)

... in translation: Aeschines, Against Timarchus (all); Demosthenes, Against Neaira; Lysias, On the Murder of Eratosthenes (all in HRR)

Theory:

Patricia J. Williams, Alchemy of Race and Rights, pp. 166-78; Anne B. Goldstein, "Representing the Lesbian," in Heinzelman and Wiseman, pp. 356-84

Literature review:

Boyarin, pp. 134-66; D. Cohen; Davidson, Courtesans, passim; Dover pp. 19-109; Edwards Politics; Gleason; Greenblatt; Halperin, One Hundred, pp. 88-113; Houser in Nussbaum and Sihvola; Clarke in O'Barr; Richlin, Garden, ch. 4, and in Dominik; Sissa in Porter; Winkler, Constraints pp. 45-70

March 2 No class meeting -- work on term paper prospectus

March 11 History, biography*

Primary sources:

Thucydides 6.54.1-4, 56-57 (Harmodius and Aristogeiton)

Plutarch Pelopidas 18-19 (the Sacred Band)

Athenaeus 561c-562a (ditto)

Livy 1.57-60 (Lucretia)

Julius Obsequens 3, 22, 27a, 32, 34, 36, 37, 47, 48,

50, 55

Suetonius, Tiberius 43-45

Tacitus, Annals 11.26-38 (Messallina)

Historia Augusta, Elagabalus 5-8

Macrobius, Sat. 2.5.1-10 (Julia's jokes)

Life of St. Mary the Harlot, with Brock and Harvey

pp. 27-39, 100-21

Theory:

Bennett, "'Lesbian-Like'"; Dick Hebdige, from Subculture, pp. 130-42 in Gelder and Thornton; review Bynum "Why?" and MacKinnon "Does Sex?" See also, on historical subcultures, pp. 263-67 in Gelder and Thornton, and their Part 5 in general.

Literature review:

Beard and Henderson in Wyke Gender; Boswell "Concepts"; Brooten; Brown; Butler in Joshel and Murnaghan; Culham in Golden and Toohey; Dixon in Golden and Toohey; Hallett in Rabinowitz and Richlin; Joshel in Richlin, Pornography; Joshel in Hallett & Skinner; Kilmer in Golden and Toohey; Kuefler; MacMullen "Roman"; Richlin "Approaches" in Foley (ed.); Richlin Garden, appendices; Richlin "Not before"; Shaw; Weeks, Pearson, Stallybrass/ White in Gelder and Thornton; C. Williams

Term paper prospectus due

SPRING BREAK

March 25 Letters*

Primary sources:

Cicero Fam. 14.1-4 (to Terentia); 16.1, 27 (to Tiro)

Pliny Ep. 4.19, 6.4, 6.7, 8.10 (to and about his

wife Calpurnia)

Cornelius Fronto and Marcus Aurelius, from van den Hout,

pp. 250-55, 249-50, 25-26, 62-63, 45-47, in this order, please)

Philostratus 1, 2, 5, 7, 15, 18, 36

Paulinus of Nola (sel.)

Sidonius Apollinaris Ep. 1.2.1-3

Theory:

Janet Altman, Epistolarity, pp. 185-99; Susan Stewart, On Longing, pp. 132-51

Literature review:

Beard in Wiseman; Gundersen; Kauffman; Rosenmeyer

April 1 Comedy*

Primary sources:

Aristophanes Clouds 889-1104; Ekklesiazousai 877-948

Plautus Curculio 35-38, 467-82; Persa 284-86, 405-26,

600-71; Pseudolus 767-87, 1177-82

P. Oxy. 3.1903, no. 413, p. 41 (the adultery mime)

Theory:

Freud, Jokes and their Relation to the Unconscious, pp. 106-93; review Mulvey

Literature review:

Fantham (on rape in New Comedy); Henderson; Henry in Helios 13; Henry in Richlin, Pornography; Lape; Packman; Scafuro in differences 2; Winkler in differences 2; Zweig in Richlin, Pornography

April 8 Invective*

Primary sources:

Archilochus [Cologne epode]

Catullus 16, 21, 25, 28, 29, 37, 39, 42, 47, 59, 69,

97, 105

Horace Epod. 8, 12 (see Mankin commentary on reserve)

Priapea 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 12, 13, 22, 25, 68

Nikarkhos AP 11.241, 328

Petronius Satyricon 9-10, 81

Sulpicia 2 frg.

CIL 4 sel.

Martial 2.28; 1.90, 7.35, 7.67, 7.70; 10.65; 7.58

Juvenal 2 (see Braund commentary, on reserve)

Lucian Dial. Meret. 5

Ausonius Epigrams 10, 43, 73-75, 83, 85-87, 101;

Cento Nuptialis 100-end

Theory:

Bakhtin, Rabelais and His World, pp. 196-436

Literature review:

Boswell Christianity pp. 137-66; Boyarin pp. 197-25; Brooten pp. 1-9; J. Clarke pp. 119-42; Hallett, Parker in Hallett and Skinner; Richlin Garden

April 15 Love poetry*

Primary sources:

Sappho, Fr. 1, 31, 2, 16, 94, 96, 98 (in Page)

Anacreon (sel.)

Catullus 5, 7, 8, 11, 24, 45, 48, 51, 58, 63, 72, 76, 99

Sulpicia 1-6 (= Tibullus 4.7-12)

Propertius 3.8

Ovid, Amores 1.5; AA 2.682-732

CIL 4.5296

Martial 3.65, 9.11-13, 12.75

Strato AP 12.3, 4, 6, 7, 11, 22, 205, 251

J. Clarke, Looking, pp. 1-118, esp. 59-90

Nemesianus, Eclogue 4

Theory:

Xaviere Gauthier, "Is There Such a Thing as Women's Writing?" in Marks and de Courtivron, pp. 161-64

Literature review:

Brooten, pp. 29-41; duBois, Sappho; Fredrick, Gordon, Keith, Skinner in Hallett and Skinner; Gold, Skinner, Myerowitz in Rabinowitz and Richlin; Parker "Sappho Schoolmistress"; Richlin Garden, pp. 32-56; Richlin in Richlin, Pornography; Skinner in Pomeroy; your choice in Rabinowitz and Auanger; Winkler, Constraints, pp. 162-87

April 22 Novels

Primary sources (in translation):

Achilles Tatius, Leucippe and Clitophon (Reardon

170-284)

Longus, Daphnis and Chloe (Reardon 285-348)

anon., The Conversion and Marriage of Aseneth (in

Kraemer, Women)

and in Latin: Petronius Satyricon 85-87

Theory:

Modleski, Loving with a Vengeance

Literature review:

Elsom, Montague in Richlin Pornography; Goldhill; Konstan; Tatum

April 29 Back to Foucault

Theory:

Foucault, History of Sexuality, sel. from vols. 2 and 3; with Davidson; Cohen and Saller in Goldstein; Goldhill; Introduction plus duBois, Foxhall, Richlin in Larmour/

Miller/Platter

Term paper due

Venerem damnavit Democritus, ut in qua homo alius exiliret ex homine. et, Hercules, raritas eius utilior.

- Pliny HN 28.58

felices nuptae! moriar nisi nubere dulce est.

- anonymous Vestal Virgin

COURSE REQUIREMENTS

1. Writing assignments:

(a) Short paper: due in class by February 18; can focus on any of the readings for one previous week, i.e. on law, medicine, or philosophy. 5-10 pp. Must be on a different topic from your term paper; must make use of a source other than Greek or Roman.

(b) Term paper: A 20-page research paper. You will need to pick your topic in consultation with the instructor, who will provide you with more bibliography than you really want. The project should be to pick a text or issue dealt with in the course, research it fully, and write it up according to theory used in course. You should use your literature review week to do legwork for your paper.

YOU ARE ENCOURAGED TO HAND IN ALL OR PART OF YOUR TERM PAPER AHEAD OF TIME IN DRAFT FORM. I will be happy to give you suggestions for revision.

You are required to hand in a prospectus for your term paper on March 11 (you'll have the previous week off to work on it). Prospectus should include a firm list of the primary sources you'll be using, an overview of the state of the question, and a statement of what's new about what you'll be doing.

At the last class meeting (April 29), class members will get a chance to show off the fascinating material they've been looking at and get their last two cents in on theories of sexuality. Definitely bring a 1-page handout with a few key passages and a list of your main theoretical components.

Term papers are due at the last class meeting, no ifs, ands, or buts.

2. Translation quizzes: There will be nine translation quizzes during the semester, of which all students must complete five (or you can take six and drop your lowest grade). Quizzes will be graded on a percent basis.

3. Grading:

Discussion: 10%

Rummaging exercise: 5%

Literature review: 5%

Translation quizzes: 25% (5% apiece)

Short paper: 20%

Term paper: 35%

4. Late penalties:

In real life, in writing, you do get extensions, but there's always a terminus post quem non. In this course, that terminus is the last day of classes, April 29. I will not accept work handed in after that date, period. And the prospectus for your term paper MUST be handed in on March 11. It's not graded, but if you hand it in so late that I don't have time to go over it with you, this is so your loss. Likewise, no late quizzes -- you have a great deal of flexibility here.

5. Missed classes: You are being graded on discussion; I will give you feedback periodically. Your discussion grade will be zero for any meeting missed after the second missed meeting.

6. My office hours will be MW 12-1 except for January through early March, when they will be M 12-1, W 1:30-2:30; please stop by, or make an appointment. My other class meets MWF 11-1. I will be in the office TTh only at random. I read my email only about once a week; best way to reach me in an emergency is to call me at home, (323) 957-9305.