| Translations
The Treatise on Univocation is an early work on the fallacy called univocation. This fallacy is a kind of ambiguity due to the shifted reference of words in a sentence when the ambiguity does not fall under the well-known Aristotelian kinds (equivocation, composition and division, . . .). Examples include the shift of reference of common terms due to tense and modality; e.g. the shift whereby the reference of 'giraffe' is extended to past or future giraffes when the tense of the sentence 'A giraffe is spotted' is made past or future, and the shift whereby the reference of 'giraffe' is extended to merely possible giraffes in the sentence 'A giraffe can be spotted'. The translation is by Elizabeth Karger.
Here are two fragments of early treatises after the notion of univocation has dropped out, but with similar subject matter. Translations are by Calvin Normore with Terry Parsons; they have been substantially revised in the light of suggestions by Steve Barney. To download: Dialectica Monacensis A more recent work from around the time of Peter of Spain and William of Sherwood. Translation by Steve Barney, Wendy Lewis, Calvin Normore, and Terry Parsons.
Two centuries later than the above works, Albert of Saxony wrote a treatise on logic. Ernest A. Moody produced a translation of selections from the first three parts of this work for the use of his students. Copies of this translation were widely circulated in manuscript form. It is unclear now who, if anyone, owns the copyright to this translation. Here is a copy of one of the copies of the Moody manuscript. It is made available here for noncommercial uses only.
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