Nominal Morphology QuestionnaireNouns:1.1. gender (agreement of adjectives)? on nouns denoting persons? animals? objects? how would you say: a big boy, girl, baby, dog, cockroach, shoe, table, kitchen, window, tree, family? How would you say of them: a boy is big - HE is big, (all the words from the list). Same for pl: how would you say: big boys, girls...(all the words). How would you say: the boys are big - THEY are big (all the words) 1.1.1. gender and political correctness: what gender is the (general) word for firefighter? mail carrier? salesperson? chair(person)? In a general statement, the pronoun of what gender is used for: everybody hates when people are being rude to him / her / them, every child needs attention to be paid to his / her / their needs? 1.2. number (do nouns have different forms for sg and pl? see above, under 1.1). Does a form for "two boys" differ from a form for "many boys"? 1.2.1. count / non-count nouns: is there only one construction for "much / many X(-es)" or two distinct constructions "many X-es" vs. "much X"? (Rus: mnogo apel'sinov (Gpl) - mnogo vinograda (Gsg)). If the distinction exists, which of the following nouns can be used in the construstion "many X-es"? in the construction "much X"? in both constructions? any difference in meaning? pencil(s), smoke, beans, corn, apples, cookies, chocolate, grapes, candy, water, mud, meat, patience, anger, hair, money, dishes, experience, news? what else? 1.2.1.1. nouns denoting a single object but used only in pl form and triggering pl agreement (pl. tantum, as E. scissors, R. nozhnicy, pokhorony, slivki). Are there any? How would you say: the scissors are on the table? etc. 1.2.1.2. nouns in sg form that trigger pl. agreement: how would you say: the police know; the family come together; the class answer, etc.? 1.3. case: 1.3.1. Nom vs. Acc: is there a difference in the form of the nouns in the pairs of sentences: the firefighter saved the sodier - the soldier saved the firefighter, the dog bit the rat - the rat bit the dog, the chair scratched the table - the table scratched the chair, etc.? if no difference in the form of the nouns, will there be any difference in: prepositions / postpositions? word order? what else? if in these sentences we substitute pronouns for the nouns (the firefighter saved the soldier -- he saved him), will there be any difference in the forms of pronouns? if no difference in the form of the pronouns, will there be any difference in: prepositions / postpositions? word order? what else? 1.3.2. Dat. The same for the sentences: the king sent the messenger to the robber - the king sent the robber to the messenger; the queen sent the girl to the witch - the queen sent the witch to the girl 1.3.3. Gen. How would you say the following words and phrases; is there a difference between the forms of the words in isolated position and in the phrase: brother, son , the brother's son, the son's brother; the country, the king, the king of the country, the country of the king; the house, the window, the window of the house; the hero, the victory, the victory of the hero; the hero, the defeat, the defeat of the hero; the wood, the table, the table (made) of wood; the village, he left from the village. 1.3.4. Locative(s) and -lative(s). How would you say: house; something is: in, on, under, next to, above the house. Something is moving to get positioned: in, on, under, next to, above the house. Something was: in, on, under, next to, above the house, and now is moving away. Pronouns:2.1. System of personal pronouns. How would you say: I, you, he, she, it, we, you guys, they? Is there a difference between different THEY-s (masc. - fem., anim. - inanim., etc?) Are there other personal pronouns (e.g., we (including you), we (excluding you), etc.)? 2.2. possessives. How would you say: belonging to me, you, her, him, it, we, you guys, them? If there is one owner and several objects in his possession? one object and several owners? (if the language has grammatical gender - do the possessives change for gender? how would you say: my table, my house, my cat, etc.?) 2.3. deictic pronouns. How would you say: this house, that house? Are there other pronouns (that one not too close and not too far, etc.)? How would you say if there are more than one (this house - these houses, etc.) ? 2.4. interrogative pronouns. How would you say: who, what? is a baby, a cat, a mosquito a "who" or a "what"? 2.5. polite form: which form is used when you address: a person your age, gender, and status? several of these? an elder person, same gender with the speaker? the opposite gender? a relative? a boss? a salesperson? Which do you use when addressing your parents? teachers? Articles:2.6.1. def. - indef.: how would you say: there is a car in the garage? the car is big? there are cars in the garage? the cars are big? 2.6.2. articles with proper names: how would you say: John, Lake Ontario, New York, the Pacific Ocean? Can you ever say: the John, etc.? 2.6.3. indef. articles with count vs. non-count nouns: how would you say: a dog is an animal? patience is a useful thing? chickens are birds? Numerals:3.1. General system. How do you count 1-20, 30, 40, 50, ... 100? How do you say: 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 29? If there are cases in the language, do numerals decline - how would you say: till 2 o'clock, with 5 children, send it to the three of us? How do you say: 7 people, 7 kids, 7 dollars, 7 boxes? 3.2. number on nouns used with numerals. Which form of the noun (sg, pl, other) would you use with the numerals 1, 2, 3, 5, 10? |